[Back to Lesson 11]
Select a Root:
Root without
उपसर्ग (prefix)
 
 
(root)
Notes
  • The gerund is used to generate the meaning "having done X".
    It is an indeclinable participle, meaning that it acts as an adverb
    modifying the main verb of the sentence.
  • Many roots require the insertion of an "" before
    adding the "-त्वा".
  • Roots of the 10th गण (ex: चिन्त्) form the gerund using their
    present stem, replacing the final "-अ" with "-इ" before adding the ending.
 
 
 
+
 
+
त्वा
=
 
  (weakened root)   (suffix) (gerund)

Select a Root:
Root with
उपसर्ग (prefix)
 
 
(root)
Notes
  • For roots with upasargas, use the lyabanta construction.
    Add "-य" to the weakened form of the verb root
    (resembling the PPP).
  • An additional "त्" is inserted when the weakened root
    ends in a short vowel.
  • Some roots ending in "-अम्" or "-अन्" may optionally take
    either "-य" or "-त्य" ending.
 
 
+
 
+
 
+
=
 
(upasarga) (weakened root)   (suffix) (gerund)
Transliterate देवनागरी ⇔ IAST